3G LTE Requirements
Spectrum efficiency
DL : 3-4 times
UL : 2-3 times
Frequency Spectrum
Scalable bandwidth : 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20MHz
To cover all frequencies of IMT-2000: 450 MHz to 2.6 GHz
Peak data rate
DL : > 100Mb/s for 20MHz spectrum allocation
UL : > 50Mb/s for 20MHz spectrum allocation
Latency
C-plane : < 100ms to establish U-plane
U-plane : < 10ms from UE to server
Coverage
Performance targets up to 5km, slight degradation up to 30km
Mobility
LTE is optimized for low speeds 0-15km/h but
connection maintained for speeds up to 350 or 500km/h
Handover between 3G & 3G LTE
Real-time < 300ms
Non-real-time < 500ms
LTE is aimed at minimizing cost and power consumption while ensuring backward-compatibility and a cost effective migration from UMTS systems. Enhanced multicast services, enhanced support for end-to-end Quality of Service (QoS) and minimization of the number of options and redundant features in the architecture are also being targeted.
The spectral efficiency in the LTE DownLink (DL) will be 3 to 4 times of that of Release 6 HSDPA while in the UpLink (UL), it will be 2 to 3 times that of Release 6 HSUPA. The handover procedure within LTE is intended to minimize interruption time to less than that of circuit-switched handovers in 2G networks. Moreover the handovers to 2G/3G systems from LTE are designed to be seamless.
Why 3G LTE?
Market Trends
The trend of the market is an increase and an acceleration of the data
mobile traffic in the next years.
This has been possible thanks to the introduction of:
->EV-DO with CDMA2000
->HSDPA and HSUPA with WCDMA
Mobile phone user population is estimated to increase to 4 billion by 2011.
Fixed Broadband application, massively adopted, can be exported to the mobile environment.
The millennial generation will spread in the next years their “early adopters” way of life.
The richer ecosystem of devices allows one to be connected all the time: PDA, laptop, mobile phone, USB device
With the recent introduction of HSDPA and EV-DO Rev A, there has been a significant increase in mobile data
traffic, with some operators quadrupling their Packet Switched traffic in one year. At this growth rate, and
with the proliferation of new applications on the network, cells in hot pots will be quickly saturated and the
network will require densification in these overloaded areas. This can be delivered by using a higher capacity
solution such as LTE. Mobile traffic growth is illustrated on this slide: mobile data traffic (in Gigabits per
year), with a typical operator in a western country with a 60 million population.
LTE TCP Throughput vs Round Trip Time (RTT)
The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is designed to provide reliable transport for packet data.
Today TCP is used for 80-90% of all packet traffic in the internet.
TCP is typically used in applications where reliability is important and some delay can be tolerated (web browsing, Email, FTP).
X2 Latency Aspects
U-plane
–X2 latency should be less or equal than radio link interruption time during HO (30…50ms) for optimum performance
–X2 latency significantly less than radio link interruption time would have no benefit
C-plane
–3GPP 36.423 defines X2 C-planes timers, giving implicitly an upper bound for the X2 transport RTT (50ms default, configurable 10…2000ms)
LTE Possible Dimensioning Concepts
All-Average
–The backhaul connection shall support the aggregated average capacity of all cells. The average capacity is determined under realistic air interface conditions and multiple users per cell.
All-Average/Single-Peak
–The backhaul connection shall support the aggregated average capacity of all cells, while at least supporting the peak capacity of one cell.
All-Peak
–The backhaul connection shall support the aggregated peak capacity of all cells (“non-blocking”). The peak capacity is determined under ideal air interface conditions and with a single user per cell. This approach will lead to over-dimensioning, thus usually extra costs.
LTE Channel Mapping and UE Categories
Question and answer
Spectrum efficiency
DL : 3-4 times
UL : 2-3 times
Frequency Spectrum
Scalable bandwidth : 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20MHz
To cover all frequencies of IMT-2000: 450 MHz to 2.6 GHz
Peak data rate
DL : > 100Mb/s for 20MHz spectrum allocation
UL : > 50Mb/s for 20MHz spectrum allocation
Latency
C-plane : < 100ms to establish U-plane
U-plane : < 10ms from UE to server
Coverage
Performance targets up to 5km, slight degradation up to 30km
Mobility
LTE is optimized for low speeds 0-15km/h but
connection maintained for speeds up to 350 or 500km/h
Handover between 3G & 3G LTE
Real-time < 300ms
Non-real-time < 500ms
LTE is aimed at minimizing cost and power consumption while ensuring backward-compatibility and a cost effective migration from UMTS systems. Enhanced multicast services, enhanced support for end-to-end Quality of Service (QoS) and minimization of the number of options and redundant features in the architecture are also being targeted.
The spectral efficiency in the LTE DownLink (DL) will be 3 to 4 times of that of Release 6 HSDPA while in the UpLink (UL), it will be 2 to 3 times that of Release 6 HSUPA. The handover procedure within LTE is intended to minimize interruption time to less than that of circuit-switched handovers in 2G networks. Moreover the handovers to 2G/3G systems from LTE are designed to be seamless.
Why 3G LTE?
Market Trends
The trend of the market is an increase and an acceleration of the data
mobile traffic in the next years.
This has been possible thanks to the introduction of:
->EV-DO with CDMA2000
->HSDPA and HSUPA with WCDMA
Fixed Broadband application, massively adopted, can be exported to the mobile environment.
The millennial generation will spread in the next years their “early adopters” way of life.
The richer ecosystem of devices allows one to be connected all the time: PDA, laptop, mobile phone, USB device
With the recent introduction of HSDPA and EV-DO Rev A, there has been a significant increase in mobile data
traffic, with some operators quadrupling their Packet Switched traffic in one year. At this growth rate, and
with the proliferation of new applications on the network, cells in hot pots will be quickly saturated and the
network will require densification in these overloaded areas. This can be delivered by using a higher capacity
solution such as LTE. Mobile traffic growth is illustrated on this slide: mobile data traffic (in Gigabits per
year), with a typical operator in a western country with a 60 million population.
LTE TCP Throughput vs Round Trip Time (RTT)
The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is designed to provide reliable transport for packet data.
Today TCP is used for 80-90% of all packet traffic in the internet.
TCP is typically used in applications where reliability is important and some delay can be tolerated (web browsing, Email, FTP).
U-plane
–X2 latency should be less or equal than radio link interruption time during HO (30…50ms) for optimum performance
–X2 latency significantly less than radio link interruption time would have no benefit
C-plane
–3GPP 36.423 defines X2 C-planes timers, giving implicitly an upper bound for the X2 transport RTT (50ms default, configurable 10…2000ms)
LTE Possible Dimensioning Concepts
All-Average
–The backhaul connection shall support the aggregated average capacity of all cells. The average capacity is determined under realistic air interface conditions and multiple users per cell.
All-Average/Single-Peak
–The backhaul connection shall support the aggregated average capacity of all cells, while at least supporting the peak capacity of one cell.
All-Peak
–The backhaul connection shall support the aggregated peak capacity of all cells (“non-blocking”). The peak capacity is determined under ideal air interface conditions and with a single user per cell. This approach will lead to over-dimensioning, thus usually extra costs.
LTE Channel Mapping and UE Categories
- Logical and transport channel mapping in downlink and uplink
- LTE UE Categories
LTE Network and Protocol Architecture
- LTE/SAE network architecture
- EPC -Evolved Packet Core
- Base Station control plane and user plane protocol stacks
- EPC protocol stacks
Question and answer
-
How to do project based on cross layering of Physical and Mac layer to determine QoS in terms
throughput,delay packet loss ,packet error rate.
what concept and formulas are required to implement the proportional fair, channel aware scheduling algorithm in LTE.
Answer - In the IEEE papers they have implement algorithm and with mathematical formulas or model for each with scheduling concept. In this paper they have implement scheduling in 4g "Simulating LTE Cellular Systems: an Open Source
Framework" Giuseppe Piro, Student Member, IEEE, Luigi Alfredo Grieco, Member,
IEEE, Gennaro Boggia, Senior Member, IEEE, Francesco Capozzi, Student Member, IEEE, and Pietro Camarda
